Affirm released a bevy of data regarding its user base and loans in a letter addressed to senators. Affirm’s data suggests a tiered system may be emerging in BNPL, where different providers are serving different slices of creditworthy customers. However, the income range of US adults seeking BNPL loans demonstrates widespread popularity of alternate credit, a key concern for issuers who risk losing credit card customers to these alternative loans. They need to address that risk with competitive, rewards-eligible card-linked installment loans.

Afterpay partnered with a slate of new merchants to increase flexible financing options for consumers ahead of the holidays, per a press release. New partners include Thursday Boots, Diesel, and SP5DER Worldwide. Block is betting on its ecosystem effect raising the value of all of its products. However, major partnerships are still needed to rocket a BNPL product to high use, like Klarna’s integrations with Walmart.

US small businesses largely missed out on the record Big Five shopping, per a Fiserv press release. Issuers and payment providers should look to boost their local merchants’ sales and consumers’ spending by making it easier to shop small. Local neighborhood networks like Square Neighborhood and Bilt’s local deals can encourage SMB spending in consumers’ stomping grounds. Integrated BNPL offers may also entice spending from young consumers who are adverse to the perceived risks of revolving credit or are locked out from traditional lines.

Block will pilot a real-time credit scoring model called Cash App Score, per a press release. Users’ Cash App Scores are based on financial behaviors within the Cash App ecosystem: deposit frequency, spending habits, savings activity, and repayment history, and other metrics. Cash App’s micro loans have acted as a proof of concept for its proprietary underwriting model, which it now likely wants to expand into larger-value (and more lucrative) lending. Giving consumers a visible—and highly manipulable—score can boost loan value and overall engagement.

PayPal’s Pay Later is soaring in popularity, with 56% of US buy now, pay later (BNPL) customers having used its installment services—outstripping industry leaders Klarna, Affirm, and Afterpay, per a Lending Tree survey. PayPal’s dominance is likely to stick unless BNPL competitors can expand their offerings' acceptance at the point of sale. Continuing to push BNPL-enabled debit cards and merchant partnerships may help to secure loyalty from Gen Zers and young parents seeking these financing options.

Cash App released a slew of updates across its payments ecosystem, per a press release. Cash App’s continued focus on expanding financial services and tools for unbanked, underbanked, and lower-income consumers also reveals Block’s ambition to own this market, as Venmo hones in on students and educated young professionals. Making Afterpay’s BNPL tool more easily accessible to Cash App users helps this demographic navigate economic uncertainty with a tool they may see as less risky than revolving credit.

Affirm called for a cap on late fees in the buy now, pay later (BNPL) industry, per the Financial Times. BNPL platforms have an opportunity to gain customer loyalty through advertising—and practicing—transperant lending practices. Alternative lenders that operate with clear terms can get more consumers to select BNPL financing over revolving credit, especially when young consumers choose the payment method out of perceived safety over credit cards.

BNPL payment value and user growth will decelerate in the coming years as the industry matures. But BNPL providers still have a big opportunity to grow their share of retail sales.​

The news: Buy now, pay later (BNPL) firms are exhorting the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) not to write new rules about how installment loan histories would affect federal home loan eligibility. Our take: BNPL providers are divided on whether furnishing their loan information supports or hurts their espoused mission for financial inclusion and helping consumers access credit. Affirm appeared the odd one out by offering more transparency about its consumers’ financial health. However, if HUD moves ahead with new loan eligibility rules, its customers could end up the better for it, while reporting naysayers Klarna and Afterpay will have to scramble to set up their customers for success

The news: Block’s gross profit rose to $2.54 billion, an increase of 14% YoY. Cash App’s gross profit grew 16% YoY Square’s gross profit increased 11% YoY Developments like Cash App Afterpay are gradually drawing the distinct Cash App and Square ecosystems into a robust dual-sided network. However, the Cash App’s enduring lack of a credit card makes it harder for Block to sell itself as the one-stop shop for young people’s financial needs.

The news: Klarna and Afterpay will not share the majority of their consumers’ loan information with credit bureaus until they can receive confirmation that their customers will not be penalized for seeking buy now, pay later (BNPL) plans. Our take: Affirm’s early plunge into credit reporting has been blunted against its competitors’ refusal to participate in the system, but it still takes the reputational lead in terms of being a “trustworthy” provider.

Block demonstrates an alternative path forward to determining financial health but needs to expand beyond micro loans.

This leaves the BNPL industry back at square one in terms of regulation, creating uncertainty for providers

The company is likely looking for ways to reinvigorate growth after a weaker-than-expected Q4

The partnership will help Affirm compete with rival Klarna, which already has a large European presence

The newly rebranded “Cash App Afterpay” will help Block more tightly integrate its products into one ecosystem

The partnership will give the BNPL provider a boost and help it better compete against rival Affirm

The BNPL provider has made strong inroads in the US but faces steep obstacles in growing its market share

The BNPL player’s revenues doubled in Q4 thanks to users’ more frequent purchases

Consumers are slowly making changes to how they pay at checkout. We look at the top seven payment methods and delve into what’s pushing forward and detracting from their growth.