Diving further, the survey found that spending for preschool and college students will see the largest increases, up 32% and 13%, respectively. High school and middle school students, meanwhile, will see more modest increases in spending, at 4% and 3%, respectively. The shift toward online shopping over the past year will continue to push back-to-school sales online.

That’s consistent with August 2019 YouGov polling for The New York Times in which 40% of parents with at least one kid in preschool or daycare said they had “reduced other household expenses” to afford childcare. More alarming, 20% reported going into debt to cover this expense. Childcare costs push some mothers (and, less often, fathers) out of the paid workforce.